Erasing Muslim Kashmir: A Systematic Effort to Alter the Identity of IIOJK

The developments in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) since August 2019 present serious concerns regarding the future of the region’s demographic, cultural, and political identity. Under the present dispensation in New Delhi, a series of unilateral measures have been introduced which, in both intent and execution, reflect an alarming attempt to reshape the historically Muslim-majority territory in line with a specific ideological vision. These actions raise fundamental questions about legality, legitimacy, and the protection of basic human rights in a region internationally recognized as disputed.

Abrogation of Article 370: A Turning Point

The revocation of Article 370 and Article 35A by the Indian Parliament on 5 August 2019 marked a significant turning point in the status of IIOJK. The decision, taken without the consent of the people of the region, effectively dismantled the limited autonomy previously granted under the Indian Constitution. For the local population, this act represented not only a political betrayal but also a strategic effort to erase their constitutional identity. The move was widely criticized for lacking democratic legitimacy and for further alienating an already disillusioned population.

Demographic Changes and Legal Reconfiguration

Subsequent to the constitutional changes, the Indian government introduced new domicile laws that opened the doors for non-locals to acquire residency in IIOJK. These legal amendments are widely viewed as part of a broader plan to alter the region’s demographic composition. By facilitating the settlement of individuals from outside the region, the objective appears to be the dilution of the Muslim majority, thereby changing the electoral and cultural dynamics of IIOJK. Such policies have drawn criticism from legal experts, human rights organizations, and political analysts for being in clear violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits demographic manipulation in occupied territories.

Cultural Suppression and Religious Targeting

The transformation underway in IIOJK extends beyond demographic changes. There is credible evidence to suggest a sustained campaign to suppress the religious and cultural identity of the region’s Muslim population. Reports indicate increasing restrictions on religious gatherings, the monitoring of mosques, and interference in traditional Islamic practices. Institutions and spaces that represent the cultural heritage of Kashmiri Muslims are being systematically marginalized. Such measures are not isolated events but appear to be part of a coordinated attempt to redefine the region’s socio-religious landscape.

Political Marginalization and Public Discontent

The political disenfranchisement of the Kashmiri people is another significant outcome of the post-August 2019 policy framework. The dissolution of the elected state assembly, the detention of political leaders, the curtailment of media freedoms, and the prolonged communication blackouts have contributed to a sense of deep frustration and helplessness among the local population. Far from restoring peace and development, these steps have intensified resentment and widened the gap between the people of IIOJK and the Indian state.

Violation of International Law and UN Resolutions

India’s actions in IIOJK not only violate its own constitutional commitments but also violate established international norms. The status of IIOJK is recognized by the United Nations as a disputed territory, and the resolutions of the UN Security Council call for a free and impartial plebiscite to determine the will of the people. By unilaterally changing the legal and demographic character of the region, India has acted in disregard of these resolutions and the principles of international law. Moreover, the demographic reengineering underway is incompatible with international humanitarian law and must be addressed by the relevant global institutions.

Global Response and the Need for Accountability

Despite repeated calls from international human rights organizations, civil society groups, and several UN special designated observers, the global response to the situation in IIOJK has remained largely symbolic. Expressions of concern have not translated into concrete diplomatic or legal measures to ensure accountability. The absence of a firm response from the international community emboldens further violations and undermines the credibility of the international human rights framework. It is imperative that international actors move beyond rhetoric and engage constructively to ensure the protection of the rights of the people of IIOJK.

Conclusion

The developments in IIOJK since August 2019 constitute a serious breach of constitutional guarantees, democratic principles, and international legal norms. The policies adopted by the Indian government reflect a long-term strategy aimed at altering the region’s identity, suppressing its religious and cultural heritage, and marginalizing its political voice. These actions must be understood not as isolated policy decisions, but as part of a broader ideological project. The international community must fulfil its responsibilities by demanding adherence to international law, ensuring the implementation of UN resolutions, and standing in solidarity with the people of IIOJK in their legitimate struggle for dignity, rights, and self-determination.